백업 & 복구 27 - RMAN : Recovery Catalog DB 관리하기

접속
$ rman target / catalog rcuser/rcuser@rcserver
 

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1. Crosscheck
 : target 서버와 recovery catalog 간의 정보를 동기화 시켜주는 역할
 
 
① 전체 backupset과 target 서버 비교하기
RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'  ← 정상
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6npc44_.bkp RECID=1 STAMP=775847771
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6nt235_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=775848284
Crosschecked 2 objects
 
 
② 백업된 파일 OS 명령으로 지우고 crosscheck 수행
$ rm -f /app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6nt235_.bkp
 
RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6npc44_.bkp RECID=1 STAMP=775847771
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'  ← 비정상
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6nt235_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=775848284
Crosschecked 2 objects
 
→ EXPIRED - 실제 백업파일이 삭제되어 없는데 backupset 목록에는 있는 상태
 
 
③ 조치 : backupset에서 EXPIRED 된 목록 삭제해 주기
 
RMAN> delete expired backupset;
 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
124     105     1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6nt235_.bkp
 
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6nt235_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=775848284
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
 
 
RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6npc44_.bkp RECID=1 STAMP=775847771
Crosschecked 1 objects
 
▶ 정상적인 백업 파일 정보만 남아있게 되었다.
 
 

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2. Delete
 : backupset 을 삭제하려면 target 서버와 recovery catalog 와의 동기화를 위해 RMAN에서 이 명령어로 삭제해야 한다.
 
① 현재 backupset 목록 확인

RMAN> list backupset;
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
  
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
104     Full    1.03G      DISK        00:01:55     21-FEB-12
        BP Key: 106   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20120221T171609
        Piece Name: /app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESTDB/backupset/2012_02_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120221T171609_7n6npc44_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 104
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 927309     21-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/system01.dbf
  2       Full 927309     21-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/sysaux01.dbf
  3       Full 927309     21-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/undotbs01.dbf
  4       Full 927309     21-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/users01.dbf
  5       Full 927309     21-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/example01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
903     Full    9.45M      DISK        00:00:01     22-FEB-12
        BP Key: 904   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20120222T153402
        Piece Name: /data/backup/rman/04n3ve7b_1_1_20120222
  List of Datafiles in backup set 903
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  4       Full 933932     22-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
945     Full    381.52M    DISK        00:00:39     22-FEB-12
        BP Key: 947   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20120222T153428
        Piece Name: /data/backup/rman/05n3ve85_1_1_20120222
  List of Datafiles in backup set 945
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  2       Full 933973     22-FEB-12 /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/sysaux01.dbf
 
 

- OS상에서 현재 파일상황
$ ll
total 400772
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9912320 Feb 22 15:34 04n3ve7b_1_1_20120222
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 400064512 Feb 22 15:35 05n3ve85_1_1_20120222

 
 
 
 
② RMAN에서 삭제
 : Backupset number인 BS Key 부분의 숫자를 지정해주면 된다.

RMAN> delete backupset 945;
 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
947     945     1   1   AVAILABLE   DISK        /data/backup/rman/05n3ve85_1_1_20120222
 
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/data/backup/rman/05n3ve85_1_1_20120222 RECID=4 STAMP=775928069
Deleted 1 objects
 
 

- RMAN에서 삭제 후 OS상에서 현재 파일상황
$ ll
total 9696
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9912320 Feb 22 15:34 04n3ve7b_1_1_20120222

 
 

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3. Catalog
 : 관리자가 수동으로 백업 받은 파일을 RMAN에 추가해서 관리하기
 
 
① 수동으로 begin backup 받은 파일 만들기
 
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
 
NAME
---------------------------------------------
/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/system01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/sysaux01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/undotbs01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/users01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/example01.dbf
 
SQL> alter tablespace example begin backup;
 
Tablespace altered.
 
SQL> !cp /app/oracle/oradata/testdb/example01.dbf /data/backup/open/
 
SQL> alter tablespace example end backup;
 
Tablespace altered.
 
 
 
 
② begin backup 받은 내용 RMAN에 있는지 확인

$ rman target / catalog rcuser/rcuser@rcserver
 
RMAN> list copy;
 
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository ← 백업내역에 없음
 
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name TESTDB
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
32      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc1/7_1_771259931.arc
 
33      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc2/7_1_771259931.arc
...이하생략
 
 
▶ RMAN에는 begin backup 으로 받은 내용은 기록되어 있지 않다.
 
 
 
 
③ Catalog 명령어로 recovery catalog 에 추가하기
 
RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/data/backup/open/example01.dbf';
 
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/data/backup/open/example01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=775928837
 
RMAN> list copy;
 
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
 
Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
1019    5    A 22-FEB-12       934219     22-FEB-12
        Name: /data/backup/open/example01.dbf
 
▶ RMAN에 begin backup 으로 받은 내용이 기록되었다.
 
 
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name TESTDB
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
32      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc1/7_1_771259931.arc
 
33      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc2/7_1_771259931.arc
...이하생략
 
 
 
④ change 와 uncatalog 명령 (삭제 하고 싶을 때)
 
RMAN> change datafilecopy '/data/backup/open/example01.dbf' uncatalog;
 
uncataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/data/backup/open/example01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=775928837
Uncataloged 1 objects
 
 
RMAN> list copy;
 
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository  ← 삭제됨
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name TESTDB
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
32      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc1/7_1_771259931.arc
 
33      1    7       A 17-FEB-12
        Name: /data/arc2/7_1_771259931.arc
...이하생략
 
 
 
⑤ 정리
: 백업셋을 삭제 하고자 할 때는 RMAN에서 delete 명령을 써서 삭제해야 한다.
  DB에서 redo log group을 삭제할때 해당 데이터 파일을 지우는 것이 아니라,
  alter database drop logfile group 번호; 한것과 같은 원리.